Nursing Research

Question: Write a evidence based nursing research. Answer: Introduction: Cannabis is a psychoactive drug, which is derived from Cannabis plant. It lowers down the depression through slowing the traveling of the messages in between body and brain. Large doses of cannabis give rise to produce hallucinogenic effects in the human body. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol or THC is the active chemical in cannabis. Cannabis is consumed in three different forms, like hash oil, hashish, and marijuana, through eating or smoking (Aspis et al., 2015). In the marijuana form, cannabis will be consumed through smoking the dried plant in a bong or joint. In hashish form, the dried plant resin will be added to the foods while baking or cooking. Sometimes, the hashish is mixed with tobacco and then it is consumed through smoking. Hash oils the oil form of cannabis, which is added at the tip of the cigarette while smoking. The effects of the cannabis will be observed after an hour while eating form. However, the smoking form affects the body straight away. However, smoking cannab is leads to drawbacks in the later life. Cannabis is also available in synthetic form, which has more adverse effects than the original. Medicinal cannabis refers to the cannabis, which is prescribed to lower down the symptoms of certain medical conditions, like, epilepsy, depression, etc. it is crucial to make the difference between recreational cannabis and medicinal cannabis (Moffitt et al., 2013). Recreational cannabis is used to get 'high'. Certain legislation in Australia has facilitated the access of medicinal cannabis to lower down certain medical conditions. Critical appraisal of three papers: According to Schubart et al., (2011) the research paper "Cannabis use at a young age is associated with psychotic experiences" discusses the usage of cannabis and its association with psychotic experiences in the early age. Cannabis utilization is related to subclinical psychiatric symptoms and psychosis. For the first time users, the degree of association depends on age and dosage. This present study investigates about the association between starting age and exposure level with particular profiles of subclinical symptoms (Schubart et al., 2011). The research was performed by collecting the cross-sectional data by introducing an online version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) from a sample of the young adult population. Quantitative analysis of cannabis exposure was measured through the age of primary cannabis age and the amount of Euros spent on cannabis each week. The result of this study shows that in a sample of 17 698 adolescents, the adolescents who ha d started the use of cannabis at the age of 12 or less, are showing 10% of psychotic symptoms (Wu et al., 2015). The study shows that using cannabis at elder stage is correlated with subclinical psychotic symptoms, and it lowers down the other negative impacts. Cannabis smoking is increasing three symptom directions, like, depressive, negative and psychotic. Therefore, after appraising this research paper critically under Research Paper Critical Appraisal Tool, it can be said that the study has focused on the aim by stating that usage of cannabis is age specific (Porter Jacobson 2013). This study has used all the valued technique to meet the aim. The result of the study is very important as it focuses on the usage of cannabis and its association with psychotic experiences in the early age. The result of this study is valid as it can be applied in the nursing study. According to Veling et al., (2008), the research paper "Cannabis use and genetic predisposition for schizophrenia: a case-control study" discusses the risk of Cannabis usage for schizophrenia. Part of the research was done trough environment-genotype interaction, and another part of this research was done through environment-genotype correlation. The investigation was done on the association between usage of cannabis and schizophrenia and the contribution of environment-gene correlation in that association. The research was conducted through case-control study of first-episode schizophrenia (Veling et al., 2008). Two matched control groups are included in this case. Between these two groups, one is siblings, and another is immigrants who have built contact with non-psychiatric secondary health-care services. The analyzing was made by stating that usage of cannabis gives rise to schizophrenia and genetic predisposition for schizophrenia gives rise to usage of cannabis. Numerical resul ts state that usage of cannabis is more often rather than general hospital control and siblings. Therefore, the research can b concluded by saying that usage of cannabis is correlated with schizophrenia, but the association of environment-genotype is not found. Therefore, after appraising this research paper critically under Research Paper Critical Appraisal Tool, it can be said that the study addressed the objective of this research partially (Degenhardt et al., 2013). This research had taken all the valid methods to address this objective. The result of this study is very important as it states about the usage of cannabis and schizophrenia. This result is applicable in the nursing research to a quit extent. According to Barrowclough et al., (2014) the research paper "A phase-specific psychological therapy for people with problematic cannabis use following the first episode of psychosis: a randomized controlled trial" discusses the usage of cannabis among the psychosis people. The usage of the cannabis among the people with the first episode of psychosis showed the worst results. The inventions to reduce the Consumption of cannabis are ineffective, and it requires a long period. The research was conducted among 110 participants with one of the three conditions, i.e. standard care, a long motivational interviewing - cognitive behavioral therapy (MI-CBT) intervention with standard care and a brief motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy (MI-CBT) intervention with standard care from an early intervention service (Barrowclough et al., 2014). The result showed that neither the brief nor the extended interventions showed the benefits regarding reducing the amount and frequen cy of cannabis usage. These interventions are not improving the clinical outcomes, like relapse, hospital admission, functioning, symptoms, etc. the onset of psychosis and cannabis use cannot improve the clinical outcomes and reduce the cannabis use. The problems are appearing because many participants are not in the active stage, and some of them are not being agreed to quit or reduce cannabis. Therefore, after appraising this research paper critically under Research Paper Critical Appraisal Tool, it can be said that the study is addressing the objective. This study has used all the valid methods to address the objective (Ycel et al., 2012). The result of this study is very important as the onset of psychosis and cannabis use cannot improve the clinical outcomes and reduce the cannabis use. The result is valid as it can be applied to the major population. Integration and implications: Three types of research had been conducted on the usage of the cannabis and the outcomes of those usages. After integrating the three outcomes, it can be said that cannabis use is age specific, and it is associated with psychosis experiences and schizophrenia. The psychosis people with cannabis use have negative impacts on the health care. The decisions of cannabis use will be made after consulting with different research and multi-professional team (Lorenzetti et al., 2015). From these research topics, it can be said that the nurses should provide the proper knowledge about the cannabis use to the patients. The first research paper highlights the fact that the cannabis use is age specific, and it is associated with psychosis experiences. Therefore, when the nurses are facing these types of patients, they have to aware of the fact. They should plan their treatment according to the data with the help of other medical professionals. In this case, the nurses have to be more aware of the dose of the cannabis and the present age of the patient. This case also highlights that the patients use cannabis at the very small age or early adolescents. So, many of these cases will be involved with the crime (Winstock Barratt, 2013). In the palliative care, the nurses should inform those patients who are using cannabis to manage professional, careers and life-limiting illness, about the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and associated laws. In the second research paper, the association between use of cannabis and schizophrenia is discussed. So, when the nurses have to be more careful while treating the patients with schizophrenia and still in use of cannabis (Silins et al., 2014). The schizophrenia is a genetic disorder, but the use of cannabis is not associated with the hereditary as per the research paper. Therefore, the nurse needs to be more sensitive to this fact. The nurse's basic duty is to keep the confidentiality of those patients who use the cannabis at their home. Patients have the right to keep the news about their use of cannabis in respect to their treatment. Schizophrenia is associated with many mental problems. These schizophrenic patients can expect that news should be disclosed with any other group without their knowledge through the means of treatment. For example, while treating the patients, the nurses need the knowledge on the interaction of cannabis in the life of the patients like any other prescribed medicine, which needs the advice of the pharmacist (Degenhardt et al., 2013). Patients will be aware of the fact that they are sharing the information for their interest, and it will increase the care. As per the third research paper, it can be said that cannabis use gives rise to many negative impacts in the patient's life. The nurses have to inform those patients about the negative impacts of the cannabis while treating them. The nurses have to provide them with the alternative ways so that they can come over from the use. The nurses can take the help from professional colleagues, professional colleagues and other nursing staffs of their institution. The nurses can send them to different therapeutic centers like mediation, rehabilitation center under medical guidance. Introducing the evidence into practice: The decisions of cannabis use will be made after consulting with different research and multi-professional team. The decisions will be informed by protocols and local service policies. Nurses are in a position of faith and trust. They should respect the confidentiality right of the people. That is a basic aspect of the nurses for their professional practice. The nurse's basic duty is to keep the confidentiality of those patients who use the cannabis at their home. Patients have the right to keep the news about their use of cannabis in respect to their treatment (Feingold et al., 2015). They can expect that news should be disclosed with any other group without their knowledge through the means of treatment. For example, while treating the patients, the nurses need the knowledge on the interaction of cannabis in the life of the patients like any other prescribed medicine, which needs the advice of the pharmacist. Patients will be aware of the fact that they are sharing the information for their interest, and it will increase the care. The people who are using cannabis to manage professional, careers and life-limiting illness while providing the care should be informed about the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and associated laws. The services and agencies, which are associated with providing the treatment, should have transparency about procedures and policies. These agencies include legal considerations when the nurses face certain patients who use the cannabis on a regular basis (Zalesky et al., 2012). This gives the clear medical information about the patients to the health professionals along with the nurses. It will encourage the nurses to take a consistent approach for the patients who use cannabis. Sometimes the nurses have to come out from the circle of trust when they come to know that the patients are at harmful risk after using cannabis. This information will be disclosed without consent when abusing and serious crime towards others need to be prevented. For example, when the nurses will come to know that the drug dealing is happening in the house of the patient then they should inform knowing the fact that it can put them at risk in the future (Fergusson et al., 2015). The nurses should judge each case of the patient individually. The case will be considered with law, procedures and local policy. This will highlight the important fact to keep the clear records. This will help in the advice given and sought, taking decisions and will help to take the information from the police. Nurses should gain the knowledge from professional colleagues, professional colleagues and other nursing staffs of their institution (Volkow et al., 2016). Conclusion: There are many pieces of evidence, which prove that therapeutic use of cannabis can improve the life quality in certain groups of patients. Still under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, the use of cannabis will be counted as criminal activity. The use of cannabis has potential consequences for the health professional, careers, and patients. Major of the nurses is in professional and moral conflict when they face the patients who want to use or use cannabis for improving the quality of life or symptom management. The nurses should be professionally responsible for being updated about the past and recent research on the therapeutic use of cannabis. Along with this, the nurses have to make clinical, ethical and moral judgments, which will be the best for their patients. These judgments also are kept with particular healthcare needs of the patient group. References: Aspis, I., Feingold, D., Weiser, M., Rehm, J., Shoval, G., Lev-Ran, S. (2015). Cannabis use and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with depressive disorders.Psychiatry research,230(2), 341-349. 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