Effect Of Drug Effects On The Performance System - 3109 Words

Abstract Interactions between multiple drug substances, taken in combination or simultaneously, may yield excessive risk of adverse effect. However, this increase risk is not uniform for all combinations. Some combinations may show a constant risk pattern. Collections of individual reporting of an adverse event related to adverse drug reactions have proven to be very useful. A mixture model approach is applied to AERS (adverse effect record system) data to differentiate drug combinations following different patterns. A ranking of the drug combinations is reported using their false discover rate (FDR) values. Introduction Post-approval adverse drug effects (ADEs) are a major global health concern. An estimated cost of $ 75 billion per year [1] has been attributed to these ADEs alongwith more than 2 million injuries, hospitalizations and deaths in each year in the US alone [2]. It has become an important area of research to study the effect of drug-drug interactions. For example, in treatment of cancer sometimes cytotoxic drugs are used. It becomes very important to study the effects of DDI among these drugs at all levels. Failure to recognize these effects may lead to a lot of undesired complications ranging from overdosing to undertreatment. Drug interactions can be pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic (PK), or pharmacodynamic (PD). PK interaction occurs when a drug influences the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) process of another drug. For example,Show MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Steroids Should Be Beneficial For The World Of Sport1226 Words   |  5 Pagesnegative view for much of history. Steroids are drugs used by athletes to become stronger and achieve a strong physique. Steroids are illegal and are strongly discouraged to be used and may be seen first expressed during high school with the introduction of organized sport teams. The perspective against the legalization of steroids believes in the many benefits of legalization. The perspective for the legalization of steroid expresses the harmful effects of steroids. My view of the subject is that IRead MorePerformance Drugs Should Not Be Legal1498 Words   |  6 PagesPerformance Drugs Should not be Legal The Center for Disease Control and Prevention did a survey on high schoolers grades 9th through 12th and found out the 4.4% to 5.7% of boys and that 1.9% to 3.8% of girls have used illegal steroids (Fernandez and Robert). High schoolers are not the only ones that take performance enhancing drugs, all sorts of athletes and even nonathletes take them. Taking performance enhancing drugs harms the human body in so many different ways like it harms the Hormonal SystemRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drug Abuse1511 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance enhancing drug abuse is a growing problem in adolescents and athletes. According to the Partnership for Drug – Free Kids, more than five percent of teens use performance enhancing drugs, or steroids increase muscle. Performance enhancing drug abuse creates addiction, the mental tension and pressure that coaches and peers bring to inferior athletes this draws teens and athletes to engage in these products, further encouraging teens to parta ke in the use of performance enhancing drugs,Read MoreEssay about Consequences of Performance Enhancing Drugs1509 Words   |  7 PagesNegative Effects to Performance Enhancing Drugs At the age of 21 Rob Garibaldi committed suicide and it is believed to be from his consumption of performance enhancing drugs. As a young boy, Rob started to play little league, trying to match his favorite sport hero, and dreaming to make it to the baseball major leagues. Prior to high school, Rob was getting pushed by his coaches he had and scouts start to follow him to have him take supplements and more things that will help him gain weight compoundsRead MoreHow Drugs Affects The Body And The Side Effects Of The Drugs1429 Words   |  6 Pagesissue of athletes using drugs in sport to enhance their performance. In my first paragraph I will be talking about the different types of drugs used in sport, how drugs effect the body and the side effects of the drugs. In my second paragraph I will be talking about how the performance enhancing drugs effect the performance of an athlete and why they do/ use the. In my 3rd paragraph I will be talking about the negative and positive effects o f drugs in sport, the main drugs I will be focusing on forRead MoreThe Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs on Athletes996 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs on Athletes The risks of taking performance -enhancing drugs to improve an athletes’ performance outweighs the benefits. Along with the fact that all performance-enhancing drugs are illegal to use in sports, there are also serious side effects and addiction risks to the drugs. Athletes may choose from a variety of drugs and each may achieve different benefits. However, most of the time, athletes are uneducated in their decision to take the drugs, whichRead MoreDoping Testing Should Not Be Banned1669 Words   |  7 PagesRecreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., and Performance-enhancing Drugs). Doping was introduced into sports because people wanted to have an â€Å"extra advantage on their opponents†(Sports in America: Recreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., and Performance-enhancing Drugs). Drug testing was introduced to the world in 1968 at the Olympics (Sports in America: Recreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., and Performance-enhancing Drugs). This paper i s meant to teach the world and yourselfRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs ( Peds ) Should Not Be Legalized Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagesused performance enhancing drugs. Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) have been used in sports for many years, and there use is one of the most important issues among professional athletes. These drugs are detrimental to the human body physically and mentally. These athletes also serve as role models, influencing the younger generation by presenting that’s it acceptable to cheat no matter the consequences. So with all to consider and the evidence that is available, performance enhancing drugs (PEDs)Read MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned For Athletes600 Words   |  3 Pages Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned For Athletes The use of Performance Enhancing Drugs(PED) has a major impact on athletes negatively and cause many problems in sports and competitions. These PEDs should be banned for athletes and competitors on any level because they are, unhealthy and harmful to the body, give users an edge over competitors, and it diminishes the true sportsmanship of the game itself. The illegal use of Performance Enhancing Drugs lead to many unhealthy and potentionalyRead MoreAthletes Use Drugs For A Variety Of Reasons1194 Words   |  5 PagesAthletes use drugs for a variety of reasons, such as coping with stress or to enhance their quality of performance, and the effects of using performance enhancing drugs can have long term effects on an individual’s life. A commonly used drug in athletes goes by the name of anabolic steroids. The best way to help clarify your understanding of the importance of anabolic steroids is to define these steroids as a synthetic way to acquire the male sex hormone testosterone. The proper name for these steroids

All About My Mother And Art Spiegelman - 1352 Words

Pedro Almodà ³var’s film, All About my Mother and Art Spiegelman’s graphic novel Maus, both attempt to make sense of the ways in which trauma shapes families. Both texts portray trauma as a divisive force between parents and children, however the expression of that division is variable. While Maus portrays trauma as purely divisive, All About my Mother demonstrates that trauma can create as well as destroy familial relationships. The two texts reconvene on the idea that the passage of trauma from parents to children serves as a means of recovery from trauma and pain. In both narratives, distance between parents and children is created because of a traumatic experience unique to the parent. In All About my Mother, this distance is manifested†¦show more content†¦Manuela’s withdraw into a vague response and her unwillingness to discuss the trauma and events which are so significant to her and Estebà ¡n’s lives highlights the distance created between parent and child through this suffering. Trauma still behaves as an alienating force in Maus. However, the distance between Artie and Vladek is expressed in the form of Artie’s guilt, rather than insensitivity, about Vladek’s trauma. While discussing his struggle to retell Vladek’s story with his wife Franà §oise, Artie states, â€Å"I can’t even make any sense out of my relationship with my father...How am I supposed to make any sense out of Auschwitz? †¦ of the Holocaust?... When I was a kid I used to think about which of my parents I’d let the Nazis take to the ovens if I could only save one of them†¦ I usually saved my mother. Do you think that’s normal?† (14). The fact that Artie can’t comprehend his relationship to Vladek indicates his lack of understanding, and therefore distance from his father. Spiegelman s subsequent questioning of how he is to understand the Holocaust and Auschwitz, and his use of the same sentence structure in voicing those quest ions demonstrates the parallels between these two ignorances and underscores the causal relationship between misunderstanding his father and his ignorance ofShow MoreRelatedTransferal of Guilt in Maus1428 Words   |  6 Pagesare biographical comic books written and illustrated by Art Spiegelman. In these books Spiegelman tells his father’s story of survival through the horrors of the Holocaust. Spiegelman simultaneously presents an inner story of the conflict between him and his father, Vladek Spiegelman as both he and his father try to come to terms with the past, and work to have a normal life. This feelings of tension and conflict suffered by Vladek and Art in Maus I and II is caused by a transitional and reboundingRead MoreAnalysis Of Maus : A Survivors Tale By Art Spiegelman1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe graphic novel Maus: A Survivor’s Tale by Art Spiegelman (1994) is about Spiegelman’s interpretation of his father’s stories about surviving the Ho locaust. The story starts with the Spiegelman’s family current life in New York. The father Vladek, a Polish-Jewish man is unhappy with his marriage to his second wife Mala after his first wife Anja committed suicide. Vladek starts the story in Nazi-occupied Poland in the year of 1939, speaking about his experience of being a solider that was capturedRead MoreMaus, By Spiegelman, And How They Survived The Holocaust1180 Words   |  5 Pagesrenowned American cartoonist Art Spiegelman, on his best-selling graphic novel, Maus, published by Pantheon Books in 1986. The anomalous novel depicts the life and story of Art Spiegelman’s Polish born parents - Vladek and Anja Spiegelman, and how they survived the Holocaust. In his novel, the Jews are portrayed as mice, the Poles as pigs, and Germans as cats. The story alternates between the parents’ struggles and the strained present day relationship between Vladek Spiegelman and his son, includingRead MoreAnalysis Of Maus By Art Spiegelman1175 Words   |  5 Pagescartoonist Art Spiegelman. The book was originally published in 1986 by Pantheon Books. The anomalous novel depicts the life and story of Art Speigelman’s Polish born parents - Vladek and Anja Speigelman and how they survived the Holocaust. In his novel, the Jews are portrayed as mice, the Poles as pigs, and Germans as cats. The story alternates between the parents’ struggles and the present day strained relationship between Vladek Speigelman and his son, including the suicide of Art’s mother when heRead MoreSummary Of Maus By Art Spiegelman Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesMaus by Art Spiegelman is a graphic novel about a man s story of surviving the holocaust and the son was asking his father to tell this story. By itself this is a great story a man trying to survive the Holocaust against the odds and reunite with his lost love. Outside the simple exterior there is a dark theme of guilt that enhances the text from cover to cover. This theme of guilt is something that can be seen throughout the story, in a surprising number of times and an even more surprising numberRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In Maus1301 Words   |  6 PagesGuilt is a great consumer of lives, but exactly what do people know about guilt? People only know what theyve learned from experience, both theirs and others. Art Spiegelman is no exception to this concept. Throughout his graphic novel, Maus, he consistently expresses his guilt. Spiegelman experiences extreme guilt over not suffering the Holocaust, being a disappointment of a son, and for writing Maus. First of all, Spiegelman expresses constant survivors guilt over his being born after World WarRead MoreA Survivors Tale Maus II : And Here My Troubles By Art Spiegelman755 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Experience demands that man is the only animal which devours his own kind, for I can apply no milder term to the general prey of the rich on the poor† (Thomas Jefferson). In the graphic novels Maus I: A Survivors Tale Maus II: And Here My Troubles Began by Art Spiegelman, he uses animal imagery to portray the predator-prey relationship that the Nazi regime shared with the Jewish population. Based on the alienation of the Jewish â€Å"race† albeit â€Å"not human† and the superiority that the rest of the populationsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Maus 1257 Words   |  6 PagesMaus is a tale about a young man who is in search for answers about his own life and his father’s life. Vladek Spiegelman is a survivor of the holocaust who reconnects with his son A rt Spiegelman by telling him stories of his past. Art creates a well-written comic tale about the Holocaust and the relationship he has with his father. This survivor’s tale takes you back to the Second World War to tell us a story of a Jew who hardly survived life. The story opens with Art visiting his father to getRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Maus 759 Words   |  4 PagesEtherington Dec. 3, 2014 Maus: Response Paper 1 In chapter one of Maus by Art Spiegelman, Artie sets out to visit his father, Vladek, in Rego Park after being away for nearly two years. Vladek has remarried to Mala after Artie s mother s suicide. Artie convinces his father to tell him his story so that he may write a book about his life in Poland and the war. Vladek begins his story by explaining how he met Artie s mother, Anja. In the beginning of chapter two, the honeymoon, Artie visits VladekRead MoreLife Is A Game Of Chance1198 Words   |  5 PagesVladek’s experiences in the camp show how many Jews must have felt at that time that they were abandoned by their God. Art Spiegelman is suggesting that life is a game of chance, or rather a series of events that are fated or at least influenced by a divine power. Life is governed solely by chance and why, during the Holocaust, some people survived while others did not. When Spiegelman is looking for answers, and talks to his therapist it reinforces this idea â€Å"Yes, li fe always takes the side of life

Nursing Research

Question: Write a evidence based nursing research. Answer: Introduction: Cannabis is a psychoactive drug, which is derived from Cannabis plant. It lowers down the depression through slowing the traveling of the messages in between body and brain. Large doses of cannabis give rise to produce hallucinogenic effects in the human body. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol or THC is the active chemical in cannabis. Cannabis is consumed in three different forms, like hash oil, hashish, and marijuana, through eating or smoking (Aspis et al., 2015). In the marijuana form, cannabis will be consumed through smoking the dried plant in a bong or joint. In hashish form, the dried plant resin will be added to the foods while baking or cooking. Sometimes, the hashish is mixed with tobacco and then it is consumed through smoking. Hash oils the oil form of cannabis, which is added at the tip of the cigarette while smoking. The effects of the cannabis will be observed after an hour while eating form. However, the smoking form affects the body straight away. However, smoking cannab is leads to drawbacks in the later life. Cannabis is also available in synthetic form, which has more adverse effects than the original. Medicinal cannabis refers to the cannabis, which is prescribed to lower down the symptoms of certain medical conditions, like, epilepsy, depression, etc. it is crucial to make the difference between recreational cannabis and medicinal cannabis (Moffitt et al., 2013). Recreational cannabis is used to get 'high'. Certain legislation in Australia has facilitated the access of medicinal cannabis to lower down certain medical conditions. Critical appraisal of three papers: According to Schubart et al., (2011) the research paper "Cannabis use at a young age is associated with psychotic experiences" discusses the usage of cannabis and its association with psychotic experiences in the early age. Cannabis utilization is related to subclinical psychiatric symptoms and psychosis. For the first time users, the degree of association depends on age and dosage. This present study investigates about the association between starting age and exposure level with particular profiles of subclinical symptoms (Schubart et al., 2011). The research was performed by collecting the cross-sectional data by introducing an online version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) from a sample of the young adult population. Quantitative analysis of cannabis exposure was measured through the age of primary cannabis age and the amount of Euros spent on cannabis each week. The result of this study shows that in a sample of 17 698 adolescents, the adolescents who ha d started the use of cannabis at the age of 12 or less, are showing 10% of psychotic symptoms (Wu et al., 2015). The study shows that using cannabis at elder stage is correlated with subclinical psychotic symptoms, and it lowers down the other negative impacts. Cannabis smoking is increasing three symptom directions, like, depressive, negative and psychotic. Therefore, after appraising this research paper critically under Research Paper Critical Appraisal Tool, it can be said that the study has focused on the aim by stating that usage of cannabis is age specific (Porter Jacobson 2013). This study has used all the valued technique to meet the aim. The result of the study is very important as it focuses on the usage of cannabis and its association with psychotic experiences in the early age. The result of this study is valid as it can be applied in the nursing study. According to Veling et al., (2008), the research paper "Cannabis use and genetic predisposition for schizophrenia: a case-control study" discusses the risk of Cannabis usage for schizophrenia. Part of the research was done trough environment-genotype interaction, and another part of this research was done through environment-genotype correlation. The investigation was done on the association between usage of cannabis and schizophrenia and the contribution of environment-gene correlation in that association. The research was conducted through case-control study of first-episode schizophrenia (Veling et al., 2008). Two matched control groups are included in this case. Between these two groups, one is siblings, and another is immigrants who have built contact with non-psychiatric secondary health-care services. The analyzing was made by stating that usage of cannabis gives rise to schizophrenia and genetic predisposition for schizophrenia gives rise to usage of cannabis. Numerical resul ts state that usage of cannabis is more often rather than general hospital control and siblings. Therefore, the research can b concluded by saying that usage of cannabis is correlated with schizophrenia, but the association of environment-genotype is not found. Therefore, after appraising this research paper critically under Research Paper Critical Appraisal Tool, it can be said that the study addressed the objective of this research partially (Degenhardt et al., 2013). This research had taken all the valid methods to address this objective. The result of this study is very important as it states about the usage of cannabis and schizophrenia. This result is applicable in the nursing research to a quit extent. According to Barrowclough et al., (2014) the research paper "A phase-specific psychological therapy for people with problematic cannabis use following the first episode of psychosis: a randomized controlled trial" discusses the usage of cannabis among the psychosis people. The usage of the cannabis among the people with the first episode of psychosis showed the worst results. The inventions to reduce the Consumption of cannabis are ineffective, and it requires a long period. The research was conducted among 110 participants with one of the three conditions, i.e. standard care, a long motivational interviewing - cognitive behavioral therapy (MI-CBT) intervention with standard care and a brief motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy (MI-CBT) intervention with standard care from an early intervention service (Barrowclough et al., 2014). The result showed that neither the brief nor the extended interventions showed the benefits regarding reducing the amount and frequen cy of cannabis usage. These interventions are not improving the clinical outcomes, like relapse, hospital admission, functioning, symptoms, etc. the onset of psychosis and cannabis use cannot improve the clinical outcomes and reduce the cannabis use. The problems are appearing because many participants are not in the active stage, and some of them are not being agreed to quit or reduce cannabis. Therefore, after appraising this research paper critically under Research Paper Critical Appraisal Tool, it can be said that the study is addressing the objective. This study has used all the valid methods to address the objective (Ycel et al., 2012). The result of this study is very important as the onset of psychosis and cannabis use cannot improve the clinical outcomes and reduce the cannabis use. The result is valid as it can be applied to the major population. Integration and implications: Three types of research had been conducted on the usage of the cannabis and the outcomes of those usages. After integrating the three outcomes, it can be said that cannabis use is age specific, and it is associated with psychosis experiences and schizophrenia. The psychosis people with cannabis use have negative impacts on the health care. The decisions of cannabis use will be made after consulting with different research and multi-professional team (Lorenzetti et al., 2015). From these research topics, it can be said that the nurses should provide the proper knowledge about the cannabis use to the patients. The first research paper highlights the fact that the cannabis use is age specific, and it is associated with psychosis experiences. Therefore, when the nurses are facing these types of patients, they have to aware of the fact. They should plan their treatment according to the data with the help of other medical professionals. In this case, the nurses have to be more aware of the dose of the cannabis and the present age of the patient. This case also highlights that the patients use cannabis at the very small age or early adolescents. So, many of these cases will be involved with the crime (Winstock Barratt, 2013). In the palliative care, the nurses should inform those patients who are using cannabis to manage professional, careers and life-limiting illness, about the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and associated laws. In the second research paper, the association between use of cannabis and schizophrenia is discussed. So, when the nurses have to be more careful while treating the patients with schizophrenia and still in use of cannabis (Silins et al., 2014). The schizophrenia is a genetic disorder, but the use of cannabis is not associated with the hereditary as per the research paper. Therefore, the nurse needs to be more sensitive to this fact. The nurse's basic duty is to keep the confidentiality of those patients who use the cannabis at their home. Patients have the right to keep the news about their use of cannabis in respect to their treatment. Schizophrenia is associated with many mental problems. These schizophrenic patients can expect that news should be disclosed with any other group without their knowledge through the means of treatment. For example, while treating the patients, the nurses need the knowledge on the interaction of cannabis in the life of the patients like any other prescribed medicine, which needs the advice of the pharmacist (Degenhardt et al., 2013). Patients will be aware of the fact that they are sharing the information for their interest, and it will increase the care. As per the third research paper, it can be said that cannabis use gives rise to many negative impacts in the patient's life. The nurses have to inform those patients about the negative impacts of the cannabis while treating them. The nurses have to provide them with the alternative ways so that they can come over from the use. The nurses can take the help from professional colleagues, professional colleagues and other nursing staffs of their institution. The nurses can send them to different therapeutic centers like mediation, rehabilitation center under medical guidance. Introducing the evidence into practice: The decisions of cannabis use will be made after consulting with different research and multi-professional team. The decisions will be informed by protocols and local service policies. Nurses are in a position of faith and trust. They should respect the confidentiality right of the people. That is a basic aspect of the nurses for their professional practice. The nurse's basic duty is to keep the confidentiality of those patients who use the cannabis at their home. Patients have the right to keep the news about their use of cannabis in respect to their treatment (Feingold et al., 2015). They can expect that news should be disclosed with any other group without their knowledge through the means of treatment. For example, while treating the patients, the nurses need the knowledge on the interaction of cannabis in the life of the patients like any other prescribed medicine, which needs the advice of the pharmacist. Patients will be aware of the fact that they are sharing the information for their interest, and it will increase the care. The people who are using cannabis to manage professional, careers and life-limiting illness while providing the care should be informed about the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and associated laws. The services and agencies, which are associated with providing the treatment, should have transparency about procedures and policies. These agencies include legal considerations when the nurses face certain patients who use the cannabis on a regular basis (Zalesky et al., 2012). This gives the clear medical information about the patients to the health professionals along with the nurses. It will encourage the nurses to take a consistent approach for the patients who use cannabis. Sometimes the nurses have to come out from the circle of trust when they come to know that the patients are at harmful risk after using cannabis. This information will be disclosed without consent when abusing and serious crime towards others need to be prevented. For example, when the nurses will come to know that the drug dealing is happening in the house of the patient then they should inform knowing the fact that it can put them at risk in the future (Fergusson et al., 2015). The nurses should judge each case of the patient individually. The case will be considered with law, procedures and local policy. This will highlight the important fact to keep the clear records. This will help in the advice given and sought, taking decisions and will help to take the information from the police. Nurses should gain the knowledge from professional colleagues, professional colleagues and other nursing staffs of their institution (Volkow et al., 2016). Conclusion: There are many pieces of evidence, which prove that therapeutic use of cannabis can improve the life quality in certain groups of patients. Still under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, the use of cannabis will be counted as criminal activity. The use of cannabis has potential consequences for the health professional, careers, and patients. Major of the nurses is in professional and moral conflict when they face the patients who want to use or use cannabis for improving the quality of life or symptom management. The nurses should be professionally responsible for being updated about the past and recent research on the therapeutic use of cannabis. Along with this, the nurses have to make clinical, ethical and moral judgments, which will be the best for their patients. These judgments also are kept with particular healthcare needs of the patient group. References: Aspis, I., Feingold, D., Weiser, M., Rehm, J., Shoval, G., Lev-Ran, S. (2015). Cannabis use and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with depressive disorders.Psychiatry research,230(2), 341-349. Barrowclough, C., Marshall, M., Gregg, L., Fitzsimmons, M., Tomenson, B., Warburton, J., Lobban, F. (2014). A phase-specific psychological therapy for people with problematic cannabis use following a first episode of psychosis: a randomized controlled trial.Psychol Med,44(13), 2749-2761. Degenhardt, L., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Swift, W., Carlin, J. B., Hall, W. D., Patton, G. C. (2013). The persistence of the association between adolescent cannabis use and common mental disorders into young adulthood.Addiction,108(1), 124-133. Degenhardt, L., Ferrari, A. J., Calabria, B., Hall, W. D., Norman, R. E., McGrath, J., ... Vos, T. (2013). The global epidemiology and contribution of cannabis use and dependence to the global burden of disease: results from the GBD 2010 study.PLoS One,8(10), e76635. Di Forti, M., Sallis, H., Allegri, F., Trotta, A., Ferraro, L., Stilo, S. A., ... Dazzan, P. (2014). Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users.Schizophrenia bulletin,40(6), 1509-1517. Feingold, D., Weiser, M., Rehm, J., Lev-Ran, S. (2015). The association between cannabis use and mood disorders: a longitudinal study.Journal of affective disorders,172, 211-218. Fergusson, D. M., Hall, W., Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. J. (2015). Rethinking cigarette smoking, cannabis use, and psychosis.The Lancet Psychiatry,2(7), 581-582. Lorenzetti, V., Solowij, N., Whittle, S., Fornito, A., Lubman, D. I., Pantelis, C., Ycel, M. (2015). Gross morphological brain changes with chronic, heavy cannabis use.The British Journal of Psychiatry,206(1), 77-78. Moffitt, T. E., Meier, M. H., Caspi, A., Poulton, R. (2013). Reply to Rogeberg and Daly: No evidence that socioeconomic status or personality differences confound the association between cannabis use and IQ decline.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(11), E980-E982. Porter, B. E., Jacobson, C. (2013). Report of a parent survey of cannabidiol-enriched cannabis use in pediatric treatment-resistant epilepsy.Epilepsy Behavior,29(3), 574-577. Schubart, C. D., Van Gastel, W. A., Breetvelt, E. J., Beetz, S. L., Ophoff, R. A., Sommer, I. E. C., ... Boks, M. P. M. (2011). Cannabis use at a young age is associated with psychotic experiences.Psychological Medicine,41(06), 1301-1310. Silins, E., Horwood, L. J., Patton, G. C., Fergusson, D. M., Olsson, C. A., Hutchinson, D. M., ... Coffey, C. (2014). Young adult sequelae of adolescent cannabis use: an integrative analysis.The Lancet Psychiatry,1(4), 286-293. Veling, W., Mackenbach, J. P., Van Os, J., Hoek, H. W. (2008). Cannabis use and genetic predisposition for schizophrenia: a case-control study.Psychological medicine,38(09), 1251-1256. Volkow, N. D., Swanson, J. M., Evins, A. E., DeLisi, L. E., Meier, M. H., Gonzalez, R., ... Baler, R. (2016). Effects of cannabis use on human behavior, including cognition, motivation, and psychosis: A review.JAMA psychiatry,73(3), 292-297. Winstock, A. R., Barratt, M. J. (2013). Synthetic cannabis: a comparison of patterns of use and effect profile with natural cannabis in a large global sample.Drug and alcohol dependence,131(1), 106-111. Wu, L. T., Swartz, M. S., Brady, K. T., Hoyle, R. H., Workgroup, N. A. (2015). Perceived cannabis use norms and cannabis use among adolescents in the United States.Journal of psychiatric research,64, 79-87. Ycel, M., Bora, E., Lubman, D. I., Solowij, N., Brewer, W. J., Cotton, S. M., ... McGorry, P. D. (2012). The impact of cannabis use on cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of existing findings and new data in a first-episode sample.Schizophrenia Bulletin,38(2), 316-330. Zalesky, A., Solowij, N., Ycel, M., Lubman, D. I., Takagi, M., Harding, I. H., ... Seal, M. (2012). Effect of long-term cannabis use on axonal fibre connectivity.Brain,135(7), 2245-2255.

Mesolithic and Neolithic Essay Example

Mesolithic and Neolithic Paper With Reference to examples, compare and contrast the impact made by Mesolithic and Neolithic peoples on Irelands cultural landscape. The extraordinary landscape that the island of Ireland has to offer, cannot be described in words. The individual on looking at the sights of the country feels a sense of ineffability. The Ice Age brought about the most dynamic changes to the physical landscape, shaping it and creating the wonderful sights of the natural land we can see today. (Although, from that time we have altered Irelands landscape, yet have not come close to the same scale of changes that were produced by the Ice Age). For all its destruction, the beautiful landscape that the Ice Age left behind played a large part in the unfolding human history of Ireland- the glacier deposits helped the land become fertile, supporting vegetation and trees which would become useful resources for the first people to arrive on the island. In addition, the heavy weight of the glaciers helped flattened areas that could then be used for building. However, it is not these natural sights, which people take notice of, Irelands economic activity has increased rapidity over the past number of years, due to the tourist attractions which have been promoted throughout the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Mesolithic and Neolithic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mesolithic and Neolithic specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mesolithic and Neolithic specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Mesolithic and Neolithic sites such as Newgrange Passage Tomb, Mount Sandel, Magheraghanrush in County Sligo, Deerpark Court Tomb and Cashelkeelty in Kerry attract thousands of tourists to the country, and are the constructed developments and findings created and left by the first settlers in Ireland. Around 9,000 years ago at the end of the Palaeolithic era, there began a new period in history, known as the Mesolithic Age (Greek mesos middle and lithos stone). It is during this time the first settlers came to Ireland from Scotland (It is thought that these settlers first colonized the northeast of the country from Scotland. Although sea levels were still lower than they are today, Ireland was probably already an island by the time the first settlers arrived by boat. There is nothing surprising in this, though, for most of the Mesolithic sites in Ireland are coastal settlements. Clearly, the earliest inhabitants of this country were seafarers who depended for much of their livelihood upon the sea. In some ways this economy was forced upon them, for many centuries were to pass before the treeless permafrost was transformed into a densely forested fertile land) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Early history of Ireland. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki /Early_history_of_Ireland It was at the end of this period that much of the fantastic constructions that exist still in this present age (sites such as Newgrange Passage Tomb, Mount Sandel etc ) began to emerge, from the Neolithic peoples in the Neolithic period. During this time in the islands existence, the impact of these early settlers on Irelands cultural landscape is thought to be much more significant than that of the Mesolithic people that lived before them, and it is this, which is to be discussed. Mesolithic people lived in a hunter-gatherer society, were food was caught went needed for the family (usually hunted by the dominant male(s) of the group)- evidence of this comes from the Fourth International Congress of Primatology, Portland, Oregon, Male and Female Behaviour in Primate Societies. The origin of male political power has been sought in the dominance behaviour of the nonhuman primates. Data from the living hunting and gathering peoples offer a corrective to this viewpoint. Several theorists have developed models of early human groups that placed males at the centre and females drawn in from outside through exchange networks. These models contradict the known facts about hunting and gathering peoples, among whom we find a social grouping consisting of both males and females at the centre. The burden of the hunter-gatherer evidence (along with that from primate field studies) favours a model of early human society in which females wielded considerable political power as a result of their economic independence and their ability to exercise discretion in their choice of spouse. http://www. springerlink. com/content/r615266521271760/. We can establish that the sorts of animals the Mesolithic people consumed ranged over mammals, birds and fish including, wild boar, hare, wolf/dog, wild cat, thrush, eagle, wigeon, teal, mallard, salmon, trout, eel, seabass and a variety of other species, based on the findings at Mount Sandel. (J. P. Mallory T. E. McNeill The Archaeology of Ulster; From Colonization to Plantation. 1991 P. 13).

Skinner &Behaviorism essays

Skinner &Behaviorism essays Behavioral Cognitive Theories And Techniques Frederick Community College There were several predominant theorists in the cognitive behavioral meta-theory. Each theorist came to their conclusions, were received, and added to therapeutic skills in different ways. Their biographical history allows for a better understanding of how they came upon their conclusions. Their theories add to the understanding of human nature. Their critics expose flaws or oversights in the theories. The techniques used in the action stage of therapy today all have some historical roots in these theories and the theories of others. The overall goal being to focus on making changes in behaviors, thoughts, and feelings while continuing to explore feelings and examine values, priorities, barriers. Behaviorism began when Ivan Pavlovs dogs began to salivate upon hearing the sounds of food being prepared. Unfortunately this phenomenon ruined his saliva measuring experiment but it contributed the theory of classical conditioning. The theory is that when an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus many times a conditioned stimulus and conditioned response will result. The unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlovs experiment was the food, which caused the dogs to salivate. The unconditioned stimulus normally elicits this reaction. The neutral stimulus, something that does not normally elicit the same reaction as the unconditioned stimulus, was a tone or bell. When the two were presented together the conditioned stimulus or learned stimulus became the tone and the learned behavior or conditioned response was to salivate. John B. Watson (1878 1958) expanded Pavlovs theory into the behaviorism. Due to his contribution he became know as the Father of American Behaviorism. He described behaviorism as the study of overt rather than covert behavior. His emphasis was on objectivity instead of extrospection. This concept was drastically diff...

Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Essay Example

Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Essay Example Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Paper Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Paper One day sheikh Zayed asked by the journalist: â€Å" when you building this country, why did you give your people free education, health care and free services† Sheikh Zayed answered him: â€Å"I gave them free education, accommodation, health care and free services because they are my children. How you cut off from your own children’s expenses?† Sheikh Zayed was not only a president; he was a father, an adviser and a leader. He was close to his people; he sat among his people and listened to their needs, chatting and laughing with them. He didn’t put any barrier between him and his people. He could be termed as humble. Body The humble nature of this icon as well as his love for his people inspired him to bring change not only to his country but also to other citizens in other countries. He could be likened to a super hero who was always ready and willing to listen to the plight of the less fortunate and consequently do whatever was within his power to help these people. Thus, under his leadership a lot of charitable organizations were created that aimed at helping in one way or the other. One such example was the fact that he adopted as many orphans as possible not only in the EAU but also in other continents around the world. Other than his humanitarian efforts, the sheikh was a champion of environmental conservation efforts. For this, he received the champions of the earth award from the United Nations (NaÌ„diÌ„ TuraÌ„th al-ImaÌ„raÌ„t. et.al, 2001). His ability to combine wisdom with leadership was evidenced when he advocated that both the father and mother in a family set-up should share activity that would be parenthood. This opened up the doors for women to actively seek employment. He stated that Women have the right to work everywhere, he reasoned that Islam gives women their rightful status, and encourages them to work in all sectors, as long as they are afforded the appropriate respect. The basic role of women is the upbringing of children, but over and above that, we have to support and encourage any woman who chooses to perform other functions. making him not only a shrewd leader but also a great parent to his people. His wisdom extended to the policies that he created that were always in the best interest of his people. He shared the revenue brought in by oil to develop his people. These developments could be accessed by all his citizens and at no cost at all. He was not afraid of sharing the lands resources with his people (Morris, 1974). Furthermore his wisdom was responsible for the creation of peace without having to resort to bloodshed as was the case in the treaty of Jeddah. His role as an insightful advisor played an important role in negotiations that he always made whether to benefit his own people or other countries in the world. His ability to provide solutions for even the toughest problem was impeccable. One such success was his key contribution in the formation of the EAU. Conclusion Sheikh Zayed was a leader like no other. He never looked down at people because of their station, gender, religion, ethnicity or even race. To him, humanity was what mattered in the long run. While the whole world benefited in one way or the other through this leaders virtuous personality, the people of EAU were the luckiest to have been under his leadership. Thank you everyone for listening References Morris, C. (1974). The desert falcon: The story of H. H. Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahiyan, President of the United Arab Emirates. London: Morris International. NaÌ„diÌ„ TuraÌ„th al-ImaÌ„raÌ„t., Markaz ZaÌ„yid lil-TuraÌ„th wa-al-TaÌ„riÌ„kh. (2001). Zayed, a photographic journey: Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Heritage Club, and Zayid Center for Heritage and History.

Swire Pacific Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Swire Pacific - Case Study Example Through its development it has nearly 4000 permanently employed staff and over 9000 cockpit and cabin crew, which enables the company offer unrivalled services, with this numbers its one of the highest employer in Honk Kong's economy. Cathy pacific services limited won the bid in the first quarter of 2008 to set up a new cargo handling facility at the Hong Kong International Airport in the which would be built at a cost of HK$4.8 billion, with this it would be able to handle the largest air cargo in world within the year 2011 upon its completion (Steger, 2003). The airline has partnered with other major global airlines in the oneworld global alliance, which serves in 150 countries with more than 700 destinations. It also has interest in airline catering services with one of the largest flight kitchens in the world, with wholly owned subsidiaries servicing other international carriers across Hong Kong. With Swire owning 40% of Cathy Pacific Airways it has interest in aviation engineering through Hong Kong Engineering Company Limited after a merger was sealed between the companies. Being listed on the Hong Kong stock market, it has 4,600 employees in Hong Kong. It is the largest maintenance service provider in Hong Kong International Airport and in Asia's aeronautical maintenance industry. With the construction of the third and fourth maintenance hangar it provides Hong Kong extra employment and income generating opportunities. With 2000 employees in its ground services company in Hong Kong, as well as its Vogue Laundry Unit serving over 20 airlines, it has an edge over Hong Kong's economic prospects on its hospitality industry than any other aviation company around (Murray, 2006). Beverages With Swire Pacific being an anchor bottler with coca-cola, it is the main distributor and product developer for coca-cola brands in Hong Kong and mainland China, under the brand name Swire coca-cola Hong Kong Limited where Pacific owns 87.5% in shareholding. This clearly makes Swire Pacific the highest employer in Hong Kong beverage industry through its high operations base and more than 15 distribution and sales centers to serve a market base of more than 47million in Hong Kong and 400nillion around the globe. Apart from the coca-cola products it also produces mineral water and ready to drink milk tea either with Nescaf'e or Nestl ingredients (Steger, 2003). Hospitality Swire also has interests in the hospitality industry through the completion of its boutique hotels in Hong Kong by its wholly owned subsidiary Swire Hotels, which would be luxurious hotels offering lifestyle to travellers in search of personalized and individual services. This would make Hong Kong one of the major tourist and business travel destinations in the larger Asia. With promotion of the tourism industry it would earn Hong Kong the much needed foreign cash flow and high employment opportunities in its economy (Bastardas-Boada, 2002). Economic Assessment of Asia-Pacific Tourism sector in this

A Gold Market Bubble Myth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Gold Market Bubble Myth - Research Paper Example On the other hand, Marc Feber debunks that idea by explaining that gold’s appreciation to $1,900 an ounce reveals that there is no bubble. It is because the central bank continues to increase money supply which has assisted spur the precious metal to this level. Furthermore, he argues that the gold is not in a bubble as when one buys gold, it is more of insurance in the face of financial market problems and systematic failure (Qt. in Chanjaroen). The prices of precious metals, such as gold, platinum, and silver are driven by a wide range of factors. These factors may include, debt levels, currencies, money supply, inflation, CDS spread, interest rates, and fabrication demands from other sectors, such a electronics, solar appliances, and jewelry. Recently, investment demand proved to be the primary driver as investors used precious metals in comparison to the dollar as a ‘store of value considering inflation, general hedge, and currency depreciation. Signification demand arises from buyers in Asia, pension funds, diversification and investment demands from hedge funds, and central banks monetary demands(Durden). Debt Level Increase vs. precious metal (Bloomberg Industries) (Source: Durden) The major factors contributing to such demand are concerns about an economy on a global scale, inflation risks, and risk of currency debasement. Moreover, gold has always been the preserve of the smart money. Risk aversion and wealth preservation concerns considering currency depreciation are the primary reasons that drive precious metal demand. However, there is no â€Å"greed trade† or public buying of gold in an expectation of guaranteed profits or return. This was the case with the Nasdaq bubble or the recent real estate bubble that had a huge impact on western countries. Retail demand as a result of hype is negligible; however, it is increasing. Moreover, increasing demand on the global level is dealt with by very small supplies as supply is slightly l ower than in 2001 (Durden). Furthermore, historical context provides ample evidence that gold’ resurgence has a long way to go.     

Dog Fighting Essay Example for Free

Dog Fighting Essay Fights between two or more animals have always been popular spectacles. Dog fighting is one of the most in-humane types of animal cruelty out there today; unfortunately pit bulls have been caught in the wrath of it all. Dog fighting is an animal abuse issue. Pit Bulls happen to be the breed most used in dog fights. But if Pit Bulls did not exist, dog fighting would still take place. There is no quenching the blood lust of human ‘kind’. Brutality against animals in the form of staged matches or fights between animals or even between man and animal is an activity almost as old as man himself – it was in existence long before the Pit Bull. History The original, old-time bulldog was used for all manner of stock-related work, particularly as a catch dog: used by the butcher to manage unruly bulls, and by the hunter for help in catching and holding wild boar and other game. The sport of bull baiting became popular in England, having arisen from these functional jobs that the bulldog performed for humans. The modern bulldog breeds descended from these dogs and those re-created through breeding programs include: alapaha blue blood bulldog, American bulldog, aussie bulldog, banter bulldogge, English Bulldog, French bulldog, Olde English Bulldogge, Olde Boston Bulldogge, and Victorian Bulldog. All of these breeds have kept close to the original type and traits of the ancient bulldogs, even when adapting to their local living conditions (Luca, 2010). Pit Bulls are descendants of the original English bull-baiting dog—a dog that was bred to bite and hold bulls, bears and other large animals around the face and head. Bulldogs were bred to hang on without releasing their grip, until the animal was exhausted from fighting and from loss of blood. When baiting large animals was banned in the 1800s, people then started to fight their dogs against each other instead (ASPCA, 2013). Treatment. With fighting Pit Bulls, they are raised in an environment that reinforces and maintains fighting behavior. All fighting dogs are conditioned from a very early age to develop what dog-fighters refer to as â€Å"gameness. † The scope and method of training varies dramatically depending on the level and experience of the dog-fighter. Dogs are run on the treadmills to increase cardiovascular fitness and endurance. Dogs are put on a manmade machine is called a cat mill or jenny also. Jenny: Apparatus that looks like a carnival horse walker with several beams jetting out from a central rotating pole. The dogs are chained to one beam and another small animal like a cat, small dog, or rabbit, is harnessed to or hung from another beam. The dogs run in circles, chasing the bait. Once the exercise sessions are over, the dogs are usually rewarded with the bait they had been pursuing (Gibson, 2005). People that so called train pit pulls for fighting will also have a spring hanging down from a pole to which a rope, tire, or animal hide is affixed that the dogs jump to and dangle from for extended periods of time. This strengthens the jaw muscles and back legs. The same effect is achieved with a simpler spring loaded apparatus hanging from tree limbs. A variation of the spring pole is a hanging cage, into which bait animals are placed. The dogs repeatedly lunge up toward the cage (Gibson, 2005). Granted these people think they are real dog trainers, they will take care of the dog’s health to a certain extent. Dogs are given vitamins, supplements and drugs to condition them for or to incite them to fight. Commonly utilized vitamins, supplements, and drugs include: iron/liver extract; vitamin B-12; Magnum supplement; hormones; weight-gain supplements; speed; steroids and cocaine. The dogs are trained against one another and against older, more experienced dogs. In the early stages of training, the dogs are incited to lunge at each other without touching and engage in quick, controlled fights called â€Å"rolls† or â€Å"bumps. † Once the dogs appear match ready, they are pitted against stronger dogs to test their â€Å"gameness† or tenacity in the face of exhaustion and impending defeat. If the dogs pass the test, they are deemed ready to fight. Types of Dog Fights All across the country, humans abuse dogs in heinous ways. From nonchalant, impromptu ‘street fights’ to the large-scale organized matches held on a regular schedule at set locations, dog fighting still occurs every day. Most law enforcement experts divide dog fight activity into three categories: street fighting, hobbyist fighting and professional activity. Street fighters engage in dog fights that are informal street corner, back alley and playground activities. Stripped of the rules and formality of the traditional pit fight, these are spontaneous events triggered by insults, turf invasions or the simple taunt, My dog can kill yours. Street fights are often associated with gang activities. The fights may be conducted with money, drugs or bragging rights as the primary payoff. There is often no attempt to care for animals injured in the fight (ASPCA, 2013). Some of the dogs are thrown out the car on the side of the road, left to die. Worst case scenario the dogs are killed immediately with a close range shot from a gun to the head. Hobbyist fighters are more organized, with one or more dogs participating in several organized fights a year as a sideline for both entertainment and to attempt to supplement income. They pay more attention to care and breeding of their dogs and are more likely to travel across state lines for event (ASPCA, 2013). Last but not least Professional fighters. Who would even label themselves as a Professional dog figh ter? People do; Professional dogfighters often have large numbers of animals (as many as 50 or more) and earn money from breeding, selling and fighting dogs at a central location and on the road. They often pay particular attention to promoting established winning bloodlines and to long-term conditioning of animals. (ASPCA, 2013) Punishment and Prevention Dog fighting, despite its felony status in all 50 states, is still a grave concern to animal advocates. Although the Michael Vick dogfighting case, and his recent release from home detention, have focused the national spotlight on dogfighting cruelties, dogfighting has long been a thriving underground industry across the country in both urban and rural areas (society, 2011). Those who make dog fighting a pit bull issue do the dogs a grave disservice. A new bill in the Senate would outlaw spectators’ willful attendance at organized animal fights and impose penalties for bringing a minor to an animal fight. This bill has bipartisan support (society, 2011). The Federal Animal Welfare Act prohibits the interstate transportation of dogs for fighting purposes. A pending federal bill, S. 382, would create the Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act of 2005. The Act would amend the United States Code, making it a crime for any person to knowingly sponsor or exhibit an animal in an animal fighting venture if any animal in the venture was moved in interstate or foreign commerce. Additionally, it would be unlawful for any person to knowingly sell, buy, transport, or deliver, or receive for purposes of transportation, in interstate or foreign commerce, any dog or other animal for purposes of having the dog or other animal participate in an animal fighting venture. Finally, it would be a crime for any person to knowingly use the mail service of the United States Postal Service or any instrumentality of interstate commerce for commercial speech promoting an animal fighting venture except as performed outside the limits of the states of the United States. Penalties for violations of the Act would include a fine, up to two years imprisonment, or both. The Act would repeal any conflicting provisions of the Animal Welfare Act (Gibson, 2005). If a person see’s or suspect dog fighting they should not hesitate to report the owner to the authority. Conclusion These dogs are VICTIMS in every sense of the word. Exploited, abused, and tortured for human gain, Pit Bulls are innocent beings caught up in a tragic societal issue. The American pit bull has two powerful enemies: the humane groups working for his extinction, and the modern dog fighter who are producing dogs of dubious genetics and characteristics while keeping them in negative headlines. Dogfighting is tremendously widespread and has reached epidemic levels in America’s urban communities. The devastating impact of social, economic and racial injustice in these communities that are exposed to such cruelty to animals. Are just the tip of the ice berg? America’s finest legal minds, political activists and social advocates have painstakingly dissected the culture of poverty in an attempt to understand the disproportionately high rates of crime, drug use, and social deviance in inner-city communities (Gibson, 2005).

Theatre as Philosophy :: essays research papers

-Theatre as Philosophy-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The evolution of theatre is a long and complex story. What once began as a ritual to the ancient gods has since developed into an elaborate examination of mankind. Theatre originated in Ancient Greece as a celebration to the god Dionysius, where amateur actors would dance and sing in order to imitate him. Consequently, as the Greek Empire developed, so did theatre. By the end of the Greek Empire, scripts were being written, theatres were being built, and professional actors were being used. The tradition of theatre continued to flourish with the rise of the Roman Empire. This age saw great playwrights such as Seneca, Terence, and Plautus become great cultural icons, performing their plays in extravagant arenas known as coliseums. Nevertheless, the Roman Empire fell giving way to the Medieval Period, where governments were weak allowing feudalism to become prevalent. This absence of power led to a period of time where theatre was also absent. As time progressed the atre rose again and became popular throughout the world. Each territory had its own way of showing these plays, which either dealt with mystery of morality. Eventually the Medieval Period gave way to the Renaissance, whereupon nations developed into their own powers, inciting different styles of theatre. All the aforementioned time periods and some others have formed theatre into what it is today. Whether a play, movie, or even televisions show, they all can be attributed to the ever-evolving entertainment we know as theatre. However, no matter the time or the form of theatre, all have one thing in common. This is that they present a philosophy of life. In other words, they present a life lesson that intends to question the current way of life. The true challenge is entertaining an audience while teaching them at the same time. Nonetheless, this mesh of thought and pleasure is a must. Any good theatre is thought-provoking and didactic, while still remaining interesting. Most of these great works, old or new, are presented as either comedies or tragedies, where great storylines outline the theatrical production’s life philosophy. Comedies usually portray a philosophical meaning through the use of satire, while tragic writers utilize a series of unfortunate events to deliver a message. Whether one or the other, it is undoubtedly necessary to add philosophical meaning into a work in order to incite thought within the audience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some playwrights believe their moral lesson is best presented with a comedic coating.

Irish Urban Land Development Essay

Currently, Ireland is classified as a First World Economy and it has experienced exceptional economic development at an average rate of eight per cent per year between 1994 and 2001, with a humble growth rate of four per cent per year as from 2001 to date (Stewart 2005). With this rate of growth, Ireland has become more urbanized with increased population, changing agricultural practices, and reformation of local authorities to hold increased public participation and boost lucidity. In addition, there has been a change in the household development, an escalating number and forms of homes with a changing tenure system accompanied by population changes. These elements together with the exceptional economic development and low interest rates have changed the economic, environmental and social outlook of Ireland. The changes have presented numerous challenges such as traffic clogging, environmental squalor, urban sprawl, and lack of affordable housing. This has led to a broken nexus between economic development and human welfare (Drudy 1982). Ireland has had several mechanisms aimed at effecting efficient land use planning within the urban environment towards achieving sustainable development. These mechanisms include an abundance of policies and strategies. These policies and strategies include sustainable development, a strategy for Ireland 1997, National spatial strategy for Ireland 2002, and National development plan 2002-2006 among others. However, even with these initiatives, numerous challenges still persist for urban and regional policy-making in the search of an effective and efficient sustainable development (Stewart 2005). It can be debated that some political, social, and economic elements do repel policy impact from policies intentions considering the extent to which current challenges continue to exist (EU Commission 2001). Much of research related to urbanization of population is colored with powerful anti-urbanism and a desire after the values and simple life styles of traditional upcountry areas. In Ireland some research on urbanization too stresses the goodness of upcountry and the cons of urban trends. These biases are more apparent in the research and policies related to urban land and urban advancement onto agricultural land (Drudy 1982). In fact, the preservation and defense of agricultural land and rural facilities has been the force behind the ratification of physical planning laws (Bengston et al 2004). During the late 17th and 18th centuries the existing urban model was increased by establishment of great number of new towns and villages together with re-development and extension of the existing settlements. It is argued that most of the Irish town begun as a village and outgrew into modest origins by the end of 18th century. These growths were as a result of network of roads and new canal system linking the rural and the major towns and this served as a reinforcement of the dominance of Dublin which was by then the best peopled town (Drudy 1982). The escalating growth of Irish urban regions particularly Dublin presented severe land, energy and social impacts. Growth was limited to a ring of suburban prompting rapid population increase with extreme demand for school, shopping centre, transport systems and local employment. This demand called for more land thus increasing pressures on agricultural land for urban development. Irish dedication to sustainable development can be measured by looking at its housing and land-use policies. The development of one off housing in the rural areas is the significant sign of urban sprawl. In a nation marked with a growing ratio of low density space, the prevalence of one off housing suggestion is a wholesome system failure (Bengston et al 2004). Irish land use is mostly governed by local government development plans but implementation of policies are not uniform. Viewing the one-off housing policy under the economies of scale, the houses are more expensive in service provision but a lot of burden to the developer, house purchaser and even Irish community at large. This is echoed by EPA which state that single housing homes in the upcountry leads to greater car usage therefore increasing energy demands and greater usage of small waste water treatment facilities which have the tendency to pollute underground water (Bengston et al 2004). The opposition of one off housing focuses on the economic burdens for its occupants and on the exchequer. However, when placed on a national framework, there are unquestionably broader economic challenges at stake. For example the impact of sustained site sales on Irish agricultural commodities. The sale of some areas has benign effects on agricultural activities. The fact is that site sale shackle Ireland farming over medium and long-term. Smart Growth an Option for Ireland Smart growth model was born in US in the 90s and this concept entails identifying a common platform where developers, the public and public officials together with environmentalists among other stakeholders finds acceptable means of accommodating growth. The smart growth approach emphasizes on integrating economic, social, and environmental elements of planning and development. It is not an anti-development approach as many may argue but equivalent of the bigger picture of sustainable development as defined by Bruntland as development that provides the requirements of the current generation without jeopardizing the capacity of the same resources to provide the needs of the future generations (Bruntland 1987). The concept imply to offer an answers towards managing growth through public policies instruments for example regulatory instruments and fiscal policies such as incentives and disincentives aiming at accommodating growth in ways that are economically feasible, environmentally friendly and enhancing quality of life. Some of the concerns that the approach targets to address is traffic congestion, urban sprawl, overcrowding and pollution (Stewart 2005). Conclusion The global essential towards achievement of sustainable growth implies that it is important to seek means to accommodate development in ways that is economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible. One of the major critics of traditional urban planning is that the concept, method and technique engaged lean towards re-enforcing the present. This makes it challenging for town and city to reflect, plan and establish future alternative ideas suiting to all stakeholders’ true requirements. There is a dire necessity of replacing the conventional short term quick fix model to long term integrating and holistic model in the planning and development strategies. There is need for collaboration on finding solutions and powerful political leadership for Ireland to progress from rhetoric to reality in delivering it land use policies that will lead to positive, efficient and sustainable communities. Smart growth is not a solution to development concerns but an alternative approach to the present development model and a feasible way of mitigating current and probable future social economic and environmental concerns (Stewart 2005).

How Computers Effect Our Daily Lives Essay

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Communication Communication is defined as a process. We determine and convey it meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast repertory of skills in listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. Use of these processes is developmental and transfers to all areas of life as home, school, community, work, and beyond. Union and support occur owing to communication. 1.2 The Importance of Communication Communication is easily overlooked, but it is necessary to carry out the thoughts and visions of an organization to the people .The importance of speech and words whether through a paper or a voice is a communication medium to convey directions. Without communication, there is no way to express thoughts, ideas and feelings. There are many ways to provide communication from the organization to the people of your community. Whether through a phone, fax, email, letter, website, you are able to communicate your organization to the world. Things can be expressed, ideas can be shared, and thoughts can be joined. The ability and the importance of communication become much more crucial when you are on a purpose or need to perform aim. The ability to effectively communicate is very important when it is usually underestimated and overlooked. Men and women have different communication forms in many places such as at home, at work and in social life. 2. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AT HOME Women always are under the responsibility at home. They incline chores in the family. Men only are to have a say on important issues. When they decide about the subject, women usually express their opinions. Men decide to determine with their attitudes. A writer says in her article â€Å" The relation between the sexes occurs around a single concept: superiority of man; women are a lower position in value, reputation and power issues.† ( FiÅŸek 5 ) In fact, we can divide into two section at this point as the behaviors of men and the behaviors of women. 2.1 The Behaviors of Men As we said above, when men decide about one subject, they see themselves superior than women. The study was done about it in the U.S.A by Sandra Lipsitz Bem. According to him, â€Å" Men are characters putting themselves out, independent, determined and risk-taking.† Characteristic of men’s sexual role are more pronounced than women in our society. It is an obvious situation that men are always at the front and on stage. If we think these on men, results aren’t surprising. This is an expected finding in a culture where male dominance. 2.2 The Behaviors of Women Women have great responsibilities in the home. Care of children, chores, attitude toward her husband are very important for them. If a woman is a female employee, it is also important. Women become more sensitive and soft communicating with men. They try to talk about the events. This situation is relevant training of girls and boys. â€Å" The researches which done in our society on educational and development differences between the sexes shows that men were aggressive and competitive. They are trained in establishing power and domination. It shows that women are raised for interpersonal relationship.† ( FiÅŸek 8 ) Women create feelings of closeness by conversing with their friends. But men don’t use this way in communication, so they can’t figure out why their women are continually talk, talk, talking. Eventually, many men just tune their women out. The ubiquitous image of the housewife at the breakfast table talking to her husband who has his head buried in the newspaper comes to mind. Tannen observed that, â€Å" For males, conversation is the way you negotiate your status in the group and keep people from pushing you around; you use talk to preserve your independence for boys, activities, doing things together, are central. Just sitting and talking is not an essential part of friendship. They’re friends with the boys they do things with.†As a result, women should inhibit men’s repression to gain themselves strenght. They should exhibit required behaviors to be of equal status. In next section, we will deal with communication between men and women at work. 3.COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AT WORK Communication is very important for gender in the business life. Problems may arise between sexes at various time.Men and women use strategies in with each other that the opposite sex may view negatively. Often, misunderstandings can be avoided when co-workers look beyond personalities and consider the different ways men and women communicate.Women are more verbally skilled than men. Men’s goals in using tend to be about getting things done whereas women’s tend to be about making connections to other people. Men talk to more things and fact whereas women walk more about people relationship and feeling. Journalist Katja Ridderbusch says in an article: â€Å" The problem between men and woman in the workplace is not the fact that they play by a different set of rules†, Connie Glaser points out(she is America’s guru of gender talk). â€Å"The problem is that they don’t know these rules.† She considers herself a translator, a mediator between the male and the female culture. A supporter of women in the business world. But she is not a feminist, nor does she hate men, quite the opposite. With her husband Tom, who serves as the president to the American-Israel Chamber of Commerce in Atlanta, she has two sons, 22 and 24 years old. In a household of three men, she says, â€Å"you quickly learn to become very thick skinned.† As in all field, there are also several problems at work. The sexes should do whatever is necessary to solve them. We can see more detailed this issue with two sub-title as success of men and the value given women in business life by society. 3.1 The Success of Man Business life has become a universe to men until recent years. According to them, it is built on male values and behaviors. Even writer Leyla Navaro talks about that an attitude emerged under the name of ‘professional behavior’ in her book. Furthermore, it is an enviable behavior’s definition. of authority. Men criticise business interest to pass in human relationship. It includes comportments as supress feeling, impersonality, decide quickly, compete use of authority. Business conducts have been to expected of women because men think in this way.Research results that measure the relationship between high intelligence and success indicates that a high propotion of men. Men don’t want to query their achievements in competition with women. There are also times they are unlucky. † Male job applicants have to prove that they possess the necessary skills, whereas women are just assumed to possess them. In today’s increasingly service-based economy, this may not be good news for men†. (â€Å" Do men and women the same language†) As shown in this article, although women are more comfortable communicating, unfortunately men don’t have this feature. 3.2 The Value Given Women in Business Life by Society Although men and women work under the same conditions, the society doesn’t value women enough. A study which done on the success resulted different in women. Two thirds of those continue their lives as housewife. The others work in small position at workplace. According to Alice Rose: â€Å" The society expect achievements appropriate to their abilities of men. Whereas women do business under the talent and skills. We don’t wink at this situation and we will support them at the same time.† A successful women wants to move away both men and other women. Due to competition and jealously, women want to leave alone her. According to them, this is the most effective way of punishing a woman. Women are continious communication in society. Pushing out events affects profoundly them. Internal concerns such as unloved, exclusion lead to failure for women in business life and reduce their potential powers. They strive to show loyalty and retation to workplace. They show de pendent and helpless behaviors in the face of authority figures. This situation exposes that how much value given to women in society. If women defend their rights, they can gain their freedom at work.In last section,we will look at communication between men and women in social life.

Psychology-case studies essays

Psychology-case studies essays Yes, the skills and experience that come with age dont count for much because that is not what a company is looking for anymore. A company is looking for potential and street smarts instead of experience and wisdom. Age stereotypes in this article are that a forty-eight year old worker cannot do as much as a twenty-eight year old worker. It is not the case. Just because a twenty-eight year old worker will work 70 hours a week, doesnt mean the older worker cant do the same thing in a smaller amount of time due to his experience. People do not think that Debbie Brown is capable of doing what the future requires, so she most likely will not be able to because of a lack of support. Debbie and Toms causes of layoff are seen as internal factors, a low ability to keep up with a changing work environment, and also psychological factors expectancy of future success is very small, self-esteem is sure to fall, pride suffers, and shame comes into play. No I dont agree with the rational of employers and companies. If that is the way it is going to be in the future where are these 40 year olds going to go? There is nowhere. They cant be hired, there are no decent jobs for them to get, and they have families, bills, and responsibilities. If I were to give advice to some one who was in their 20s I would say to keep going to school, find a trade, or a skill that no one can take away from you. If I were giving advice to someone in their 40s I would tell them to hold on loosely but dont let go. ...

Ultimate List of Content Marketing Platforms, Software and Tools You Need

Ultimate List of Content Marketing Platforms, Software and Tools You Need There are tons of marketing tools and platforms out there. Not to mention other free resources. And guides. So many guides. Oh, and let’s not forget books, courses, and other knowledge and skill-building resources. What can we say? It’s a complex and fast-moving business. Keeping organized while covering skill gaps and staying on top of the latest trends isn’t easy. But, nor should it be. If it were easy, everyone would be crushing it. So, how can you give yourself the edge? Start by narrowing down your tools and learning resources to the essentials. The things you absolutely need that will help you succeed. In this post, we’ve brought together everything you need in one place. Consider this your catalog for a better future. Ultimate List of Content Marketing Platforms, Software and Tools You Need There are tons of marketing tools and platforms out there. Not to mention other free resources. And guides. So many guides. Oh, and let’s not forget books, courses, and other knowledge and skill-building resources. What can we say? It’s a complex and fast-moving business. Keeping organized while covering skill gaps and staying on top of the latest trends isn’t easy. But, nor should it be. If it were easy, everyone would be crushing it. So, how can you give yourself the edge? Start by narrowing down your tools and learning resources to the essentials. The things you absolutely need that will help you succeed. In this post, we’ve brought together everything you need in one place. Consider this your catalog for a better future. Ultimate List of Content Marketing Platforms, Software and Tools You Need There are tons of marketing tools and platforms out there. Not to mention other free resources. And guides. So many guides. Oh, and let’s not forget books, courses, and other knowledge and skill-building resources. What can we say? It’s a complex and fast-moving business. Keeping organized while covering skill gaps and staying on top of the latest trends isn’t easy. But, nor should it be. If it were easy, everyone would be crushing it. So, how can you give yourself the edge? Start by narrowing down your tools and learning resources to the essentials. The things you absolutely need that will help you succeed. In this post, we’ve brought together everything you need in one place. Consider this your catalog for a better future.

Rollout of an Operating System Upgrade; A Project Plan Essay

Rollout of an Operating System Upgrade; A Project Plan - Essay Example This report will attempt to integrate these factors into a project report which will be based on a fictional company Tomato Inc and the upgrade to their popular operating System bacOS. To gain an accurate perspective of this project management plan, it is essential that the profile of the company be covered in brief. Tomato Inc was one the earliest companies making desktop personal computer established in the now famous Silicon Valley. It has a rich history of product innovation and has successfully expanded its presence in areas like media players and other digital devices which are not traditionally associated with hardware manufacturers. The company follows an aggressive marketing strategy and boasts of the highest brand loyalty from its existing user base in the present IT industry. Though the company has diversified into other areas, its PC business still remains vital to its revenue generation model. The major strength of the company has been product innovation and the stress on the usability ("end user" experience"). This has fetched the company a niche market in the PC industry. The Tomato desktop PCs and the bacOS have a brand loyalty in the PC market which can only be described as fanatic Tomato Inc follows a vertically integrated business model. ... These upgrades are made available on the website of Tomato Inc which can de downloaded without cost after authentication. This report will attempt to document the project plan of an upgrade to the bacOS to ensure compatibility of the bacOS with the digital camera portfolio manufactured by Bikon Inc. Bikon Inc has a product portfolio of seventy three digital cameras. On entering the US market, Bikon Inc has signed an agreement with Tomato Inc that makes it necessary for upgrading bacOS to support the digital cameras of Bikon Inc. Scope of the Project as an Objective Statement Create and launch an upgrade to the bacOS to ensure the compatibility of the digital camera portfolio of Bikon Inc (as defined in the service contract signed by Bikon Inc and Tomato Inc on 07 Feb 07). The scope of the project includes the design of the hardware connectors required to interface the iBac PC with the Bikon digital cameras. Major Deliverables of the Project The final deliverable for this project is the completed, tested and the launched upgrade to the bacOS which will enable it to support the product portfolio of Bikon Inc (as defined in the service contract signed by Bikon Inc and Tomato Inc on 07 Feb 07). There are two major deliverables for this project which will precede the final deliverable. The first deliverable is the detailed software specification document developed by a combined software development team comprising of the representatives of both Tomato Inc and Bikon Inc), this team has already been constituted by the Bikon Tomato integration taskforce. This specification document will contain the specific details of the various technical

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 9

International business - Essay Example In a word OPEC maintains the price and distribution control of petroleum as they are largest crude oil producers globally. In order to reduce the oil dependency on the OPEC countries US went for the introduction of substitute of fossil fuel. Ethanol is the effective solution and substitute. The ethanol industry from the starting days has created the objective in order to achieve the target audience base. In order to become the strongest economy the US government has motivated the industry from the starting point. The reduced dependency on OPEC will cut down several oil cost of US economy. Moreover, the adoption and the usage of ethanol will solve many problems. The problems of fuel consumption, emission of green house gas and air pollutant will be overcome (Elmendorf, 2009). The objective of the study is to analyze the ethanol industry according to the case study. The analysis will be followed by the industry SWOT analysis in US, and then the study will reveal the critical thinking, decision making and strategic analysis about the case in order to achieve the desired objective. Moreover the industry related issues are being found for the purpose of the study. The major objective is to bring the strategic solutions of those problems and structure some recommendations. Finally the study ends with the evaluation of analysis and conclusions. Ethanol is produced by sugar fermentation. It is an alcohol found in grains and different biomass. Now-a-days ethanol industry is one of the leading and profitable industries worldwide. In order to achieve the objective of the study ethanol industry SWOT analysis has been implemented. The SWOT analysis is consisting of internal strengths and weaknesses of an industry or a product or a service and external threat and opportunities and threats of those. Reliable, cost efficient and flexible supply and distribution network is the important strength of ethanol industry in US.

Cultural Identity Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural Identity Interview - Essay Example Peter says that Bulgarians are the Caucasian type, almost all of them are ethnic Bulgarians, but also there are minority groups like Turks and Roma populations. According to Peter, many Southern regions in Bulgaria are heavily populated by people who have Turkish ethnicity, in some villages even only Turkish is spoken. A double check with the Wikipedia (2006) shows that Turks amount to 9.4% of the population. The other Bulgarian minority are Gypsies. Peter shares that Gypsies in general are the poorest among all Bulgarians and are not at all integrated in the dominant Bulgarian culture. - Languages Peter’s native language is Bulgarian, and this is the only official language, although there are other languages minorities speak, like Turkish, Roman, or Macedonian. The Bulgarian language belongs to the group of Slavic languages (Wikipedia, 2006). In the United States Peter speaks English, especially at work. He has little accent and in my opinion he has no difficulties in communication in English. Still, he says, â€Å"In the US there are many other languages that can be of use for you. I would say that US is a bilingual country, because Spanish language is also very popular, even sometimes is it widely spoken†. He uses Bulgarian every day at home or when talking to his friends via the Internet. He adds that he is also trying to improve his Spanish, and Russian, because both languages are useful for him at his work as a guard at a local mall. Peter has learnt English and Spanish at his secondary school. This partially explains why he knows Russian and is eager to improve his speaking abilities in the language. Religion Peter is an Orthodox Christian. He says that most people in Bulgaria belong to the Orthodox Church. Further investigation into the Orthodox religion proves that the Bulgarian Orthodox Church belongs to the Eastern Orthodox Church (Wikipedia, 2006), but minority groups have other religions, like Islam, adopted mostly by the Turkish population; some Protestants and Roman Catholics (less than 1,5% together, according to Wikipedia, 2006). When talking about religion, Peter mentions that Bulgarians in general are not very religious. He says, this varies from region to region, but the communist period that ended in 1989 did not tolerate religious beliefs, partly because of the high influence the Church used to have, and because its financial strength that threatened the status quo. Today, the Southern and Western regions of the country are more religious than the Northern and Eastern regions. Also, where Turkish population is predominant, there are villages with no Christian churches, and it is a normal thing, he says, for any village to have a church. Food Peter mentions a variety of national favorite foods - foods containing various meat types, potatoes, rice and different types of vegetables. It seems bread is something Bulgarians do not miss at the table. Peter says that fruit and vegetables are much cheaper in Bulgaria, than they are in the United States, and are much tastier, having fewer conservatives. According to Peter, the Bulgarian cuisine today is heavily influenced by the Arab cuisine and is closer to

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay Example for Free

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay 1. How do you  explain the Mariner’s killing of the albatross? I would describe the Mariner’s killing of the albatross as very ungrateful. If the albatross had not come along, the entire crew would have most likely died in the ice field. The Mariner was completely senseless in shooting the albatross; therefore, of course there was going to be very bad consequences. The consequences tend to be even worse than death at some points. The albatross did the Mariner and his crew a favor, by saving their lives, and the Mariner ungratefully shoots and kills his own savior. The lonely sailors treat the albatross like a person, a â€Å"Christian soul.† In Christian symbolism, Christ is sometimes metaphorically compared to a bird; hence, the albatross can be a symbol for Christ. Since the Mariner senselessly shot the albatross, he was persecuted, which is why the rest of his trip did not go very well. The poem describes the bird as a holy thing â€Å"hailed in God’s name.† The Mariner is like the Christian who commits sins, causing Christ to die on the cross. It’s God’s rules that Man should respect all of His creations; the albatross is part of God’s creations. In respecting the albatross, the Mariner would be respecting God himself. Furthermore, if the Mariner decided to respect God, and his creations, he may have had a better remainder of a trip. 2. One literary critic has said that the poem begins in despair and ends in hope. Telling the tale leaves the Mariner â€Å"free† for a time. Another critic has called the Mariner â€Å"the voice of experience that transcends what man can learn in space and time.† Discuss the validity of these ideas in relation to the poem as you understand it. Lastly, connect the theme of redemption to another literary work we have studied. 3. The idea of one’s life beginning in despair and ending in hope reflects the idea of redemption. The mariner begins the poem in despair and guilt after he has killed the sacred albatross. The guilt is present in both the natural and the super natural world and is clearly depicted in the albatross that hung around his neck. It is not until the mariner appreciates both nature and prayer that he has found the road to redemption. The mariner is condemned to a life in death situation placing him in a different world than everyone else. He teaches us through space and time in his new form of living. He learns from his sins and searches for the path of redemption. The Christian allegory shows the bridge between the idea of fate being chosen for you and the ability to redirect fate. Like in The Scarlett Letter, Hester Prynn was searching for redemption from the sin she committed. She was forced into another world in which no one could quite understand. She had to overcome the judgments of another society and achieve her redemption in which she found in the natural world, her house in the woods, and the supernatural world, he redemption with God. 4. One scholar believes the Wedding Guest is chosen because he represents â€Å"unsophisticated innocence preoccupied with pleasures of the moment in a universe of whose full dimensions and population he is quite ignorant.† As a result of hearing the Mariner’s tale, the Wedding Guest changes, becoming â€Å"a sadder and wiser man.† Of what has he been forlorn (deprived)? Address this criticism in light of your understanding of Coleridge’s narrative. I believe that the Wedding Guest becomes, in a sense, under the possession of the Mariner. The wedding-guest sat on a stone,/He cannot choose but hear;/And thus spake on that ancient man,/The bright-eyed mariner (Rime 1.17-20). The Mariner even refers to the guest as immature when he says that he â€Å"listens like a three years child.† After the Mariner’s story comes to an end, it is affirmed that the Wedding Guest has taken in knowledge that dramatically changes him as a human. He went like one that hath been stunned/And is of sense forlorn:/A sadder and a wiser man,/He rose the morrow morn (Rime 7.622-625). I believe that the Wedding Guest is the type of person who tends to take everything in his life for granted; hence, he wanted a change in his routine life. This story was one of the many instances that changed a person. I definitely see this as a point of reflection in his life, of what his life used to be. It can also be seen as a prevention to change his way of thinking before it becomes much too late.

John Rocker :: essays research papers

"Imagine having to take the (No.) 7 train to (Shea Stadium) looking like you're (in) Beirut next to some kid with purple hair, next to some queer with AIDS, right next to some dude who got out of jail for the fourth time, right next to some 20-year-old mom with four kids. It's depressing. "The biggest thing I don't like about New York are the foreigners," the 25-year-old Georgia native said. "You can walk an entire block in Times Square and not hear anybody speaking English. Asians and Koreans and Vietnamese and Indians and Russians and Spanish people and everything up there. How the hell did they get in this country?" These were the words spoken from Atlanta Braves Pitcher John Rocker in a December issue of Sports Illustrated. Those powerful lines are what people are chatting over. "Should we forgive him, or should we throw him in jail"? Those are only a couple opinions that are swirling around on what Major League Baseball should do. I, in no way agree with what Mr. Rocker is saying, however he is being treated is fair. In order to fully understand where Mr. Rocker was coming from, we have to go back to the MLB Playoffs. The Cinderella New York Mets take the Braves into extra innings in the 5th game of the National League Playoffs. In comes John Rocker, bursting with energy to try and shut the Mets down and take the Braves to the World Series. The Mets had other ideas and laced a couple base hits off Rocker, which eventually lead to the homerun that ended the game. Then when the Braves made it to the World Series, Rocker faced more harsh words from the New York Yankee's fans. The yelling and objects cascaded down from the stands whenever Rocker was out there. This threw his game off, and once again the Braves got beat in the series 4 - 0. So What? The fans where not very affectionate to Rocker, that's their job. Rocker should be able to deal with it like a true sportsman. He had to turn around and offend every human that is not like him. Was it wrong? Yes. Did he apologize? Yes, at least a dozen tim es, but to some ethnic groups that have been wronged like this for hundreds of years, this is what they have been dealing with. 	 As the people's outrage became more evident, Bud Selig, the commissioner of MLB, got involved.

Pestel Analysis of Burger King Essay

Environmental factors may contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity, especially in black and low-income populations. In this paper, the geographic distribution of fast food restaurants is examined relative to neighborhood sociodemographics. Methods Using geographic information system software, all fast-food restaurants within the city limits of New Orleans, Louisiana, in 2001 were mapped. Buffers around census tracts were generated to simulate 1-mile and 0.5-mile â€Å"shopping areas† around and including each tract, and fast food restaurant density (number of restaurants per square mile) was calculated for each area. Using multiple regression, the geographic association between fast food restaurant density and black and low-income neighborhoods was assessed, while controlling for environmental confounders that might also influence the placement of restaurants (commercial activity, presence of major highways, and median home values). Results In 156 census tracts, a total of 155 fast food restaurants were identified. In the regression analysis that included the environmental confounders, fast-food restaurant density in shopping areas with 1-mile buffers was independently correlated with median household income and percent of black residents in the census tract. Similar results were found for shopping areas with 0.5-mile buffers. Predominantly black neighborhoods have 2.4 fast-food restaurants per square mile compared to 1.5 restaurants in predominantly white neighborhoods. Conclusions The link between fast food restaurants and black and low-income neighborhoods may contribute to the understanding of environmental causes of the obesity epidemic in these populations.

“Lone Star”-Borderlands America Essay

Hispano-Mestizo America/Borderlands America: â€Å"Lone Star† The film â€Å"Lone Star† is a murder mystery film based in Frontera, Texas which is a multicultural border town. The significance of the conclusion of â€Å"Lone Star† is based off of several contexts presented throughout the film. The portrayed contexts of the film have to do with relationships and conflicts between races, social classes and power struggle within a community and the border between Mexico and Texas. These contexts place significance throughout the film as a murder mystery is sort of a background to all the events and conflicts that take place. The phrase â€Å"Forget the Alamo† is an idea that is depicted throughout the film. The phrase refers back to the time when Texas was trying to gain independence from Mexico and also deals with a great conflict and broken promises between the Anglos and Mexicans. This idea significantly deals with conflicts between the borders. The phrase is meant to say that they should forget the border war and racial conflict. We even see the border issue between Mercedes Cruz who is a Mexican restaurant owner and a Mexican immigrant herself. She will make rude remarks to the Mexican â€Å"illegal aliens† as she presumes them to be. And to other fellow Mexican Americans, if they speak their language she will stop them and tell them to speak in English because they are â€Å"in America†. And she will even call the border control on other Mexicans she finds trying to sneak into the border town. The concept of cross-cultural relationships is shown in the film by the relationship between Pilar and Sam. Pilar is a Mexican-American school teacher and Sam is an Anglo police officer of Frontera. They had a past relationship when they were younger and in the film find a recent renewed romance between each other. This idea also contributes to the conflicts between races. There is some conflict between Anglos and Mexican-Americans. There is some hostility between them that we see in the film when we look at Pilar’s mother, Mercedes, and between Sam. She has not liked the idea of her daughter being with a â€Å"white† man even back when they were teenagers and still in their renewed romance as they are older. Another reason of her disapproval deals with a surprise later found that Pilar and Sam are half brother and sister. We also see the racial conflict with the questioned morale police officer, Charley Wade. While he was a police officer he was a tyrant to Mexicans and African Americans and would do whatever he can to make them afraid of him, to show whose boss since he was an Anglo. He harassed Otis’ who was an African American who owned a bar that was popular among African Americans. He also shot a Mexican man he knew was smuggling immigrants across the border. And also at the end of the film, he attempted to unjustly kill Otis. His character just showed racial prejudice and abuse of his positional power as a police officer. Another concept from the film is the conflict between the social classes within the community. This concept is portrayed in the film by the political election approaching and the involvement the Mayor Hollis Pogue in the murder mystery years ago. He struggles with dealing with his social and political status and possible loss of power as Mayor in the truth that he is the one who killed Charley Wade. There is also a part of the film that shows the class struggle as the talk of building a new jail as it is an issue of the upcoming sheriff election which is between Sam and a fellow Mexican colleague. And also from the issue about the school curriculum and the debate about which one teaches the â€Å"real† history of the area which one place the right race as the â€Å"good guys†. The teachers debate about this as they know they live in a community with different cultures, race, and classes. In the film â€Å"Lone Star† we see a struggle between the contexts of race, class, power struggle and border wars presented throughout the film. Although the murder mystery is the main plot of the film, these issues are really what the film is about. The film shows the cultural and racial struggles in the relationships  between Otis and other African-Americans and Mexicans against Charley Wade, Mercedes and Sam, Sam and Pilar, and Mercedes and â€Å"illegal aliens†. Whatever race or culture they may be, they have to deal with multicultural issues whether it may be against their own race or another race. Some deal with it in prejudice ways and some have the â€Å"forget the Alamo† mindset. â€Å"Lone Star† opens its viewers to the sometimes â€Å"hidden† issues that are often unforeseen in border towns. It shows the cultural, racial, power, class struggles and conflict present in border towns. It also shows the hardship that the community and people of the community deal with, not only with each other but also within themselves and identifying who they really are and trying to be multicultural and dealing with people of different race and cultures. REFERENCES * Rosa Linda, Fregoso. â€Å"†Gender, Multiculturalism, and the Missionary Position on the Borderlands†Ã¢â‚¬  Docutek Eres. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. . * Mckenzie, Shelly. â€Å"Teaching John Sayles’ Lone Star: A Guide for Teachers of Grades 10-12.† Mediapede.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. .